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Capturing the spatial variability of HIV epidemics in South Africa and Tanzania using routine healthcare facility data

Cuadros, Diego F. ; Sartorius, Benn ; Hall, Chris ; Akullian, Adam ; Bärnighausen, Till ; Tanser, Frank

In: International journal of health geographics, 17 (2018), Nr. 27. pp. 1-9. ISSN 1476-072X

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Download (2MB) | Lizenz: Creative Commons LizenzvertragCapturing the spatial variability of HIV epidemics in South Africa and Tanzania using routine healthcare facility data by Cuadros, Diego F. ; Sartorius, Benn ; Hall, Chris ; Akullian, Adam ; Bärnighausen, Till ; Tanser, Frank underlies the terms of Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Germany

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Abstract

Background: Large geographical variations in the intensity of the HIV epidemic in sub-Saharan Africa call for geographically targeted resource allocation where burdens are greatest. However, data available for mapping the geographic variability of HIV prevalence and detecting HIV ‘hotspots’ is scarce, and population-based surveillance data are not always available. Here, we evaluated the viability of using clinic-based HIV prevalence data to measure the spatial variability of HIV in South Africa and Tanzania.

Methods: Population-based and clinic-based HIV data from a small HIV hyper-endemic rural community in South Africa as well as for the country of Tanzania were used to map smoothed HIV prevalence using kernel interpolation techniques. Spatial variables were included in clinic-based models using co-kriging methods to assess whether cofactors improve clinic-based spatial HIV prevalence predictions. Clinic- and population-based smoothed prevalence maps were compared using partial rank correlation coefficients and residual local indicators of spatial autocorrelation.

Results: Routinely-collected clinic-based data captured most of the geographical heterogeneity described by population-based data but failed to detect some pockets of high prevalence. Analyses indicated that clinic-based data could accurately predict the spatial location of so-called HIV ‘hotspots’ in > 50% of the high HIV burden areas.

Conclusion: Clinic-based data can be used to accurately map the broad spatial structure of HIV prevalence and to identify most of the areas where the burden of the infection is concentrated (HIV ‘hotspots’). Where population-based data are not available, HIV data collected from health facilities may provide a second-best option to generate valid spatial prevalence estimates for geographical targeting and resource allocation.

Document type: Article
Journal or Publication Title: International journal of health geographics
Volume: 17
Number: 27
Publisher: BioMed Central
Place of Publication: London
Date Deposited: 18 Jul 2018 06:43
Date: 2018
ISSN: 1476-072X
Page Range: pp. 1-9
Faculties / Institutes: Medizinische Fakultät Heidelberg > Institut für Public Health (IPH)
DDC-classification: 610 Medical sciences Medicine
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